Classification Of Computationally Tractable Weighted Voting Games

Weighted voting games are ubiquitous mathematical models which are used in economics, political science, neuroscience, threshold logic, reliability theory and distributed systems. They model situations where agents with variable voting weight vote in favour of or against a decision. A coalition of agents is winning if and only if the sum of weights of the coalition exceeds or equals a specified quota. The Banzhaf index is a measure of voting power of an agent in a weighted voting game. It depends on the number of coalitions in which the agent is the difference in the coalition winning or losing. It is well known that computing Banzhaf indices in a weighted voting game is #P-complete. We give a comprehensive characterization of weighted voting games which can be solved in polynomial time. Among other results, we provide a polynomial (O(k( k ))) algorithm to compute the Banzhaf indices in weighted voting games in which the number of weight values is bounded by k.